Assignment 5B
The piece of art that I chose was a drawing of Hidalgo by Jose Guadalupe Posada (1852 to 1913). This drawing shows the face of hidalgo and around his face are the words that Hidalgo yelled when he rang the bell to call on all Mexicans to free Mexico from Spanish rule. It looks like this may have been a newspaper cover or just a poster. It is made on paper and since Posada did have access to a printer he may have printed many copies of this. Here is a link:
http://www.artslant.com/sf/works/show/32984
There is a much better picture here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla.jpg
I found this picture when I was researching Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. He is known as the father of Mexican independence because he was the priest who rang the bell in Dolores, Mexico to yell “ Mexicanos Viva Mexico!” This cry was to convince all of the Mestizos, (native born Mexicans) to fight to liberate their country from Spain.
I think that this piece is relevant to my study of humanities because it shows the emotions of the people in the words that frame Hidalgo’s face. Everyone deserves to be free of oppression and this is the first man that stood up for the rights of all Mexican’s whether native born or Spanish born. He helped spark a passion that brought people together for a common cause. He was a leader in the church and now of his country.
What I can see in the piece is the picture of Hidalgo and the words of his famous quote surrounding his face. It looks like it is black ink only on paper. It looks like this was made to honor Hidalgo and Mexican independence. It mentions the year of 1810 and states that the title is “ a page of glory”. It is obviously meant to honor the late Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. It is wonderful to see that Posada would honor Hidalgo in this manner. It is great to see his picture prominently displayed and looking so strong. It looks like a painting that would have come from that era that was copied and put into print maybe. I noticed that many famous King and Queens had portraits of themselves and this reminds me of that. He is royalty in the eyes of many Mexicans and he should be honored in this way.
I chose this piece because I wanted something from that era that shows how much people from Hidalgo’s time or near his time felt about him. It is clear that they honored him and what he accomplished even though he never lived to see his dream become a reality. This painting makes me feel that anyone can do anything. If you believe something in your heart you can make a difference even though Hidalgo never saw his hopes become real He still made a huge impact on the war of independence. This picture feels strong and proud to me. I love the history behind it. I have enjoyed learning about Hidalgo’s history. If I could ask Posada anything it would be how he personally felt when he was working on this piece. I also want to know why he chose only black. I know that he had a print shop at one point in time and maybe it was convenience. See link below:
http://www.hawaii.edu/artgallery/posada.html
Friday, November 28, 2008
Saturday, November 15, 2008
Assignment 5A
Assignment 5A
The Latin American Independence is the period of time that the Penisulares(European born) and the creoles( Europeans that were born in the New World) struggled to take financial control of their regions. This means that they were trying to govern themselves and wanted financial and political freedom from their colonizers. This was a long struggle that would see areas that were won back and forth from each side. This signifies how the natives helped to fight for the return of their country and how the creoles who no longer wanted the European control of their colonies. This was the beginning of a new era for Latin America that would take them on a rollorcoaster ride that would be a significant part of their culture.
http://science.jrank.org/pages/8295/Anticolonialism-in-Latin-America-Independence.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence
The person I chose to write about was Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. I was always curious about him and wondered what his significance was to Mexico's history not to mention the famous quote" Mexicanos, Viva Mexico!" I have heard this many times and never knew its meaning until now.
For many years the creoles(Spaniards born in New World) were dissatisfied with the fact that they were considered a lower class and had less rights than their Spanish born neighbors. They felt that because their blood was pure that they should have the same privilege's than the Gachopines( Spaniards born in Spain). At first, they had not considered to ask the native born Mexican Indians to join in their struggle but eventually they did.
In 1808, the decision of Napoleon to remove King Ferdinand VII of Spain with his brother Joseph Bonaparte gave the creoles the chance that they were looking for. Many people did not know how to feel about this and secret meetings took place by different groups who were not sure what they should do. The Gachopines who were loyal now to Joseph Bonaparte were faced with many who declared their allegiance to King Ferdinand VII.
On September 16, 1810, a priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang the bell as he did every night to call the Mestizos ( Native Indians) to mass in Dolores, Mexico. But on this night he did not call for a usual mass. Tonight he was yelling at them "Mexicanos Viva Mexico!" This famous cry was to urge the natives and creoles "Mexican born Spaniards" to come together and fight against the gachopines (Spanish born colonizers). He tried to convince the creoles who were trying to fight the gachopines on their own for control of the area. The Gachopines were given higher class rights than the creoles because they were born in Spain. This struggle allowed many of the creoles to make the decision to join with the natives and fight against the Spanish. Hidalgo was joined by Ignacio Allende also a creole and a military officer that helped Hidalgo conquer many colonies.
Eventually, he was defeated and on July 11, 1811 was shot by firing squad. Before he was tried for treason he thanked his jailers for their humane treatment of him and was sorry for all of the bloodshed but, stood his ground that Mexico needed its independence. He was decapitated and his head was displayed so that other Mexicans could see and be intimidated. Even though he was captured Hidalgo is considered the Father of Mexican Independence.
http://www.mexonline.com/mexican-independence.htm
http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/independ/biohidalgo.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla
The sources I chose are highlighted websites. I think that they are credible because I cross referenced them with each other and they all seem to conquer.
The Latin American Independence is the period of time that the Penisulares(European born) and the creoles( Europeans that were born in the New World) struggled to take financial control of their regions. This means that they were trying to govern themselves and wanted financial and political freedom from their colonizers. This was a long struggle that would see areas that were won back and forth from each side. This signifies how the natives helped to fight for the return of their country and how the creoles who no longer wanted the European control of their colonies. This was the beginning of a new era for Latin America that would take them on a rollorcoaster ride that would be a significant part of their culture.
http://science.jrank.org/pages/8295/Anticolonialism-in-Latin-America-Independence.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence
The person I chose to write about was Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. I was always curious about him and wondered what his significance was to Mexico's history not to mention the famous quote" Mexicanos, Viva Mexico!" I have heard this many times and never knew its meaning until now.
For many years the creoles(Spaniards born in New World) were dissatisfied with the fact that they were considered a lower class and had less rights than their Spanish born neighbors. They felt that because their blood was pure that they should have the same privilege's than the Gachopines( Spaniards born in Spain). At first, they had not considered to ask the native born Mexican Indians to join in their struggle but eventually they did.
In 1808, the decision of Napoleon to remove King Ferdinand VII of Spain with his brother Joseph Bonaparte gave the creoles the chance that they were looking for. Many people did not know how to feel about this and secret meetings took place by different groups who were not sure what they should do. The Gachopines who were loyal now to Joseph Bonaparte were faced with many who declared their allegiance to King Ferdinand VII.
On September 16, 1810, a priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang the bell as he did every night to call the Mestizos ( Native Indians) to mass in Dolores, Mexico. But on this night he did not call for a usual mass. Tonight he was yelling at them "Mexicanos Viva Mexico!" This famous cry was to urge the natives and creoles "Mexican born Spaniards" to come together and fight against the gachopines (Spanish born colonizers). He tried to convince the creoles who were trying to fight the gachopines on their own for control of the area. The Gachopines were given higher class rights than the creoles because they were born in Spain. This struggle allowed many of the creoles to make the decision to join with the natives and fight against the Spanish. Hidalgo was joined by Ignacio Allende also a creole and a military officer that helped Hidalgo conquer many colonies.
Eventually, he was defeated and on July 11, 1811 was shot by firing squad. Before he was tried for treason he thanked his jailers for their humane treatment of him and was sorry for all of the bloodshed but, stood his ground that Mexico needed its independence. He was decapitated and his head was displayed so that other Mexicans could see and be intimidated. Even though he was captured Hidalgo is considered the Father of Mexican Independence.
http://www.mexonline.com/mexican-independence.htm
http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/kids/history/html/independ/biohidalgo.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla
The sources I chose are highlighted websites. I think that they are credible because I cross referenced them with each other and they all seem to conquer.
Assignment 4C
Culture is defined as a the way of life for a group of people. There thoughts, religion, food, beliefs, and traditions that they follow. It can also be the things that people do together as a society or large group. It is mostly a collection of the same thoughts that people as a whole hand down to the generations below them. It is a way for a group or society to define themselves as a people. This is what makes them unique from other cultures that differ from them.
http://www.tamu.edu/classes/cosc/choudhury/culture.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture
Melanie Hall wrote about the Inca civilization. I thought it was interesting that in the video it showed one of the archaeological finds of one of the most wealthiest leaders in Latin history. I thought it was interesting to see that they even buried a dog near him. It is funny how many worlds apart we seem to be but, how similar we still are. I learned that the Inca's had also had many of their artifacts and significant items burned by the Spanish when they were being colonized. It is interesting how they also believed in polygamy the same as the Mormons,(some still do). Paolo Freire's beliefs that we can learn from each other is one way that we are applying his teachings in our class. We all chose different subjects to learn about and now we are studying from each others observations and coming up with our own conclusions.We are learning about how Latin American history started and how many of its civilizations ended.
For Project 4a I chose the work by Joleen Beaton Forwood. I thought she wrote an in depth look at Junipero Serra. He was born in Spain and was sent to New Mexico (now Mexico) to start converting the natives to Christianity. I thought it was interesting that when he gave sermons that he resorted to self mutilation and would put lit torches on his chest, pound his chest with a stone or whip his back. That sounds crazy. That would be quite a site to see. Junipero Serra also apparently ended up leaving Mexico for California after setting up 9 missions in Mexico. He was responsible for helping to set up 21 Missions in California. That is quite a feat. It is interesting how he has melded the history of Mexico and California through his teachings and his life's work. I think that Freire would see that although Junipero Serra had a strange way of teaching he did try to educate the masses and lived his life trying to do the right thing as he saw it. He believed in Christianity and felt that others needed to be saved by God. He spent much of his life dedicated to that belief. Right or wrong he was a teacher and did help to educate many.
http://www.tamu.edu/classes/cosc/choudhury/culture.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture
Melanie Hall wrote about the Inca civilization. I thought it was interesting that in the video it showed one of the archaeological finds of one of the most wealthiest leaders in Latin history. I thought it was interesting to see that they even buried a dog near him. It is funny how many worlds apart we seem to be but, how similar we still are. I learned that the Inca's had also had many of their artifacts and significant items burned by the Spanish when they were being colonized. It is interesting how they also believed in polygamy the same as the Mormons,(some still do). Paolo Freire's beliefs that we can learn from each other is one way that we are applying his teachings in our class. We all chose different subjects to learn about and now we are studying from each others observations and coming up with our own conclusions.We are learning about how Latin American history started and how many of its civilizations ended.
For Project 4a I chose the work by Joleen Beaton Forwood. I thought she wrote an in depth look at Junipero Serra. He was born in Spain and was sent to New Mexico (now Mexico) to start converting the natives to Christianity. I thought it was interesting that when he gave sermons that he resorted to self mutilation and would put lit torches on his chest, pound his chest with a stone or whip his back. That sounds crazy. That would be quite a site to see. Junipero Serra also apparently ended up leaving Mexico for California after setting up 9 missions in Mexico. He was responsible for helping to set up 21 Missions in California. That is quite a feat. It is interesting how he has melded the history of Mexico and California through his teachings and his life's work. I think that Freire would see that although Junipero Serra had a strange way of teaching he did try to educate the masses and lived his life trying to do the right thing as he saw it. He believed in Christianity and felt that others needed to be saved by God. He spent much of his life dedicated to that belief. Right or wrong he was a teacher and did help to educate many.
Saturday, November 8, 2008
Assignment 4B
The work of art that I chose is the "Baile de Conquista" It is a painting by Matias Gonzalez Chavajay.http://www.artemaya.com/collection/matias006.htm
Observation:
This painting is on canvas made with oil paints. It is the dance of the conquest in english. It is a picture of men with what might be masks and they are dancing with a woman also wearing a mask. There are natives in the background and they are standing in front of a church. There are many bright colors that remind me of latin art. It has beautiful mountains in the background and a tree in front of the church. The woman in the picture is supposed to be La melinche.http://www.artemaya.com/collection/matias006.htm
Interpretation:
I think that this is the depiction of how the later generation of mexicans see and feel towards La melinche.
I think it shows how the natives are all ignoring the indian princess and the conquistadores. I think that this may represent how the mexicans dismiss la melinche as someone that they do not respect because according to the article they are ignoring her and the other dancers. Does this mean that they want to forget her or that they want to ignore what has happened? Maybe this is a silent rebellion because they do not believe that she helped them avoid further blood shed. I think that if she had not intervened and helped Cortes negotiate with the neighboring tribes to help bring down the Aztecs, that there really would be more blood shed. On the other hand, had Cortes not been able to communicate he might have not been able to win the fight. He was outnumbered and the city of Tenochtitlan was larger than any the spaniards had ever seen before, with a population of over 100,000. This is one of those questions that may never be answered.
Judgement:
I chose this art because its confusion matches the story behind it. Was la melinche a hero or traitor? If she was a traitor did she really have a choice in the matter? She was a slave after all. Many people at that time were forced to live as slaves for others so, this may have been her only chance at survival. This picture could be seen as a celebration as well. It is not clear if the natives are mad at the dancers or happy to see them. They seem to be looking away rather than dealing with their presence. It is hard to see if the dancers are welcomed or not. I think that this confliction is what many Mexicans feel today. Conflicted about the colonization of their country.
Questioning:
Why were the dancers wearing black outfits. Is this color significant in some way?I know that they represent the colonizers but I wonder if the black outfits represent evil maybe?
Observation:
This painting is on canvas made with oil paints. It is the dance of the conquest in english. It is a picture of men with what might be masks and they are dancing with a woman also wearing a mask. There are natives in the background and they are standing in front of a church. There are many bright colors that remind me of latin art. It has beautiful mountains in the background and a tree in front of the church. The woman in the picture is supposed to be La melinche.http://www.artemaya.com/collection/matias006.htm
Interpretation:
I think that this is the depiction of how the later generation of mexicans see and feel towards La melinche.
I think it shows how the natives are all ignoring the indian princess and the conquistadores. I think that this may represent how the mexicans dismiss la melinche as someone that they do not respect because according to the article they are ignoring her and the other dancers. Does this mean that they want to forget her or that they want to ignore what has happened? Maybe this is a silent rebellion because they do not believe that she helped them avoid further blood shed. I think that if she had not intervened and helped Cortes negotiate with the neighboring tribes to help bring down the Aztecs, that there really would be more blood shed. On the other hand, had Cortes not been able to communicate he might have not been able to win the fight. He was outnumbered and the city of Tenochtitlan was larger than any the spaniards had ever seen before, with a population of over 100,000. This is one of those questions that may never be answered.
Judgement:
I chose this art because its confusion matches the story behind it. Was la melinche a hero or traitor? If she was a traitor did she really have a choice in the matter? She was a slave after all. Many people at that time were forced to live as slaves for others so, this may have been her only chance at survival. This picture could be seen as a celebration as well. It is not clear if the natives are mad at the dancers or happy to see them. They seem to be looking away rather than dealing with their presence. It is hard to see if the dancers are welcomed or not. I think that this confliction is what many Mexicans feel today. Conflicted about the colonization of their country.
Questioning:
Why were the dancers wearing black outfits. Is this color significant in some way?I know that they represent the colonizers but I wonder if the black outfits represent evil maybe?
Saturday, November 1, 2008
Assignment 4A
Assignment 4A
Colonial conquests means the act or process of conquering and or colonization of a land or region. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/conquests&fromAsk=true
The colonial period of Latin America was between 1492-1810. During this era The Spanish and Portuguese came to latin america to rid the area of pagen religion and spread christianity to all "hethans". They instead used religion to exploit the indigenous people and destroy all parts of their native culture. Of the 19 million people that were inhabitants only 2 million natives survived the colonization of their lands. The rest were completely wiped out mostly by the diseases that the Conquistadors carried with them on the boats. Unfortunately, the native codices,( form of books written on bark) were destroyed which makes it difficult to learn about the history of latin american countries. Not only that but, the native history was rewritten and made the earlier native leaders seem evil so that the Spaniards looked like heros who came to save the natives from themselves.
http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/coloniallatinamerica/p/colonialera.htm
http://www.flickr.com/photos/44124324682@N01/464174882/
Dona Marina also known as Melinche was the daughter of a noble Aztec family. When she was young her father died and her mother remarried and had a son with her stepfather. They wanted their son to be the next Chief and they gave up Marina to some passersby as a slave. Already as a young girl she had endured the death of her father and the rejection of her mother.
In 1519, Dona Marina was one of 20 slaves offered as a gift to Cortes by a Mayan Lord. When Cortes learned that she was fluent in Nauhtl and Maya he quickly made her a part of his translating team. At first she helped one of Cortes' translators A priest named Jeronimo de Aguilar Who was fluent in Spanish and Maya. She would translate Nahuatl to Mayan and the priest would translate to Spanish. After a while Dona Marina was able to learn to speak Spanish and therefore no longer needed the priest to translate for her.She became Cortes' cheif translator. She was able to use her communication skills to bring down the Aztecs peacefully. It has been said that if Cortes had not been able to comunicate with the Aztecs then he would have resorted to pure violence and the complete annialation of the Aztecs as he had done before when he wanted to colonize an area. This issue is still controversial and many have different views. On the other hand some may say that becasue of her communication skills she used them to trick the Aztecs and was the cause of the empire collapse. http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/malinche.html
http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slmalinche.html
.
She became Hernan Cortes's mistress and intrepreter during the colonization of Mexico. She could aways be seen by his side and Cortes was offered many slaves that he could easily have taken but he would only stay with her. She was as loyal to him as he was to her. The Indians called her La Malinche which meant "captian's woman". They knew that the words that she spoke ,were directly of Cortes' and not of her. She was able to negotiate with the neighboring tribes who were oppressed by the Aztec Indians and Cortes offered them freedom from the sacrificies and demands of the Aztecs. She ended up bearing one of his children. This child is said to be one of the very first Mexicans. In fact Dona Marina has been given credit for starting the Mexican race( Indian and Spanish children). Many wonder if she was a traitor or a victim of circumstance. I felt that she had no choice in the matter I don't think they really cared what she thought they just used her skills to bring down the natives. http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/malinche.html
http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slmalinche.html. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQU4CXqrbDs&feature=related
In the end she was able to make peace with her mother and half brother who had come to visit her. She forgave them and sent them home with gifts of jewels and clothes. This was documented by Bernal Diaz who is one of few who was eye witness to what happened during the conquest of Mexico.
http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slmalinche.html
I chose this topic because I thought it was interesting. I have never heard of Dona Marina before and found the subject interesting to read about. I believe that she was a hero and helped to save the lives of many Indians. I think she was meant for greatness and in that time period it was hard for Women to be as brave as she was. I enjoyed learning about Dona Marina and her accomplishments.
The sources I used are in bold Italic and I believe that these are credible because they also cite their sources and had similiar facts even though they are not from the same person. They cite actual writings and letters that still exist or are some of few artifacts left from that era.
Colonial conquests means the act or process of conquering and or colonization of a land or region. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/conquests&fromAsk=true
The colonial period of Latin America was between 1492-1810. During this era The Spanish and Portuguese came to latin america to rid the area of pagen religion and spread christianity to all "hethans". They instead used religion to exploit the indigenous people and destroy all parts of their native culture. Of the 19 million people that were inhabitants only 2 million natives survived the colonization of their lands. The rest were completely wiped out mostly by the diseases that the Conquistadors carried with them on the boats. Unfortunately, the native codices,( form of books written on bark) were destroyed which makes it difficult to learn about the history of latin american countries. Not only that but, the native history was rewritten and made the earlier native leaders seem evil so that the Spaniards looked like heros who came to save the natives from themselves.
http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/coloniallatinamerica/p/colonialera.htm
http://www.flickr.com/photos/44124324682@N01/464174882/
Dona Marina also known as Melinche was the daughter of a noble Aztec family. When she was young her father died and her mother remarried and had a son with her stepfather. They wanted their son to be the next Chief and they gave up Marina to some passersby as a slave. Already as a young girl she had endured the death of her father and the rejection of her mother.
In 1519, Dona Marina was one of 20 slaves offered as a gift to Cortes by a Mayan Lord. When Cortes learned that she was fluent in Nauhtl and Maya he quickly made her a part of his translating team. At first she helped one of Cortes' translators A priest named Jeronimo de Aguilar Who was fluent in Spanish and Maya. She would translate Nahuatl to Mayan and the priest would translate to Spanish. After a while Dona Marina was able to learn to speak Spanish and therefore no longer needed the priest to translate for her.She became Cortes' cheif translator. She was able to use her communication skills to bring down the Aztecs peacefully. It has been said that if Cortes had not been able to comunicate with the Aztecs then he would have resorted to pure violence and the complete annialation of the Aztecs as he had done before when he wanted to colonize an area. This issue is still controversial and many have different views. On the other hand some may say that becasue of her communication skills she used them to trick the Aztecs and was the cause of the empire collapse. http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/malinche.html
http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slmalinche.html
.
She became Hernan Cortes's mistress and intrepreter during the colonization of Mexico. She could aways be seen by his side and Cortes was offered many slaves that he could easily have taken but he would only stay with her. She was as loyal to him as he was to her. The Indians called her La Malinche which meant "captian's woman". They knew that the words that she spoke ,were directly of Cortes' and not of her. She was able to negotiate with the neighboring tribes who were oppressed by the Aztec Indians and Cortes offered them freedom from the sacrificies and demands of the Aztecs. She ended up bearing one of his children. This child is said to be one of the very first Mexicans. In fact Dona Marina has been given credit for starting the Mexican race( Indian and Spanish children). Many wonder if she was a traitor or a victim of circumstance. I felt that she had no choice in the matter I don't think they really cared what she thought they just used her skills to bring down the natives. http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/malinche.html
http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slmalinche.html. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQU4CXqrbDs&feature=related
In the end she was able to make peace with her mother and half brother who had come to visit her. She forgave them and sent them home with gifts of jewels and clothes. This was documented by Bernal Diaz who is one of few who was eye witness to what happened during the conquest of Mexico.
http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/slenchek/slmalinche.html
I chose this topic because I thought it was interesting. I have never heard of Dona Marina before and found the subject interesting to read about. I believe that she was a hero and helped to save the lives of many Indians. I think she was meant for greatness and in that time period it was hard for Women to be as brave as she was. I enjoyed learning about Dona Marina and her accomplishments.
The sources I used are in bold Italic and I believe that these are credible because they also cite their sources and had similiar facts even though they are not from the same person. They cite actual writings and letters that still exist or are some of few artifacts left from that era.
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